This study aims to examine electronic disciplinary violations in the public sector, considering them as a modern legal phenomenon resulting from the widespread use of digital technologies, computers, and the Internet in administrative work environments. The research explores the concept of electronic disciplinary violations, their characteristics, and forms, while highlighting the legal consequences arising from them in terms of disciplinary, criminal, and civil responsibilities. The study shows that electronic disciplinary violations possess several distinctive features, including: their association with public employees, their novelty and technological nature, the difficulty of detection and proof, and reliance on cognitive skills rather than physical effort. The main forms include unauthorized access to information, misuse of electronic devices and resources, data manipulation, unauthorized surveillance, publishing inappropriate or offensive content online, and digital extortion.
The findings indicate that electronic disciplinary violations entail multiple legal responsibilities. They are subject to disciplinary sanctions under Iraqi, Egyptian, and French legislations, which may include suspension, fines, or dismissal depending on the severity of the violation. Some of these violations may escalate to cybercrimes punishable under criminal law, especially when the employee exploits their authority to harm public services or breach public trust. Additionally, civil liability may arise if the violation causes harm to others, underscoring the importance of protecting individuals’ rights and community interests in managing digital information. The study concludes that addressing electronic disciplinary violations requires developing legal and regulatory frameworks, updating disciplinary procedures, utilizing technical tools to detect violations, and raising employees’ awareness of their duties and responsibilities in the digital environment, in order to safeguard information integrity, protect public services, and enhance professional integrity